Paper MI-WeA11
Magnetic, Structural and Morphological Characterization of Self Assembled Dilute Magnetic MnxGe1-x Quantum Dots
Wednesday, November 2, 2011, 5:20 pm, Room 105
Group IV dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS) are candidates for the development of spin based devices due to their compatibility with the traditional semiconductor technology. We have grown heteroepitaxial Ge1-xMnx quantum dots (QDs) on Si (001) by molecular beam epitaxial co-deposition, with x ranging from 0.02 – 0.22. There is evidence in the literature for room-temperature ferromagnetism in Mn-doped Ge quantum dots. Using atomic force microscopy, in situ scanning tunneling microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and in situ scanning Auger mapping, our goal is to clearly ascertain how and where Mn incorporates in our films, especially where the magnetically-active Mn resides, and in so doing to contribute to our understanding of the basic origin of ferromagnetic (FM) ordering in this system. Morphology of the QD’s up to 5 at.% nominal Mn atomic fraction mirror those observed in pure Ge QDs grown at identical temperatures and deposition rates. The standard “hut cluster” islands bound by {105} facets are observed followed by the introduction of dome clusters at larger Ge thicknesses. Noticeable changes in morphology, QD’s density and mean volume become apparent for the highest Mn contents. Further increase in Mn content promotes introduction of rods believed to be a germanide phase. Field cooled hysteresis loops obtained by vibrating sample magnetometry with an in-plane external magnetic field demonstrate ferromagnetic behavior at 5K, with a maximum magnetization saturation of 2.1µB per Mn ion and a coercivity of 250 Oe recorded for x=0.02. Ferromagnetism disappears above 70K, and is not improved by increasing average Mn content of the films. The saturation moment on a per atom basis is seen to decrease with an increase in Mn content. While we cannot yet isolate any specific island type, or the wetting layer, as being primarily responsible for the ferromagnetism, we have shown that dome clusters are not a prerequisite to ferromagntism. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number DMR-0907234.