Development of new antibacterial therapeutic materials is becoming increasingly urgent due to the huge threat of superbugs, which are responsible for more than half of a million deaths each year in this world. We will discuss our recent report on the development of a novel nanobiomaterial based on a melittin antimicrobial peptide (AMP)-attached transition metal dichalcogenide MoS2-based theranostic nanoplatform. The reported nanoplatform has a capability for targeted identification and synergistic inactivation of 100% multidrug-resistant superbugs by a combined photo thermal therapy (PTT), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and AMP process. A novel approach for the design of a melittin antimicrobial peptide-attached MoS2-based nanoplatform is reported, which emits a very bright and photo stable fluorescence. It also generates heat as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the presence of 670 nm near-infrared light, which allows it to be used as a PTT and PDT agent. Due to the presence of AMP, multifunctional AMP exhibits a significantly improved antibacterial activity for superbugs via a multimodal synergistic killing mechanism. Reported data demonstrate that nanoplatforms are capable of identification of multidrug-resistant superbugs via luminescence imaging. Experimental results show that it is possible to kill only ∼45% of superbugs via a MoS2 nanoplatform based on PTT and PDT processes together. On the other hand, killing less than 10% of superbugs is possible using melittin antimicrobial peptide alone, whereas 100% of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), drug-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli), and drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN) superbugs can be killed using antimicrobial peptide-attached MoS2 QDs, via a synergistic killing mechanism.