Improving our ability to counter threats of terrorism has become a high priority in the U.S. and many other countries around the world. While it is widely recognized that science and technology will play an important role in this effort, it must also be recognized that terrorism is a highly complex socio-political problem for which there are simply no "silver bullets" to easily solve the problem. This presentation summarizes key points and recommendations from a recent U.S. Department of Energy Workshop that involved experts familiar with counter-terrorism technologies, strategies, and policies. Direct connections between technology needs for countering terrorism and the underlying science issues are defined along with some specific examples that show how previous science investments have led to new approaches to counter terrorism threats associated with weapons of mass destruction.