Motivated by the need to establish a knowledge base for microelectronics and heterogeneous catalysis, Surface Science matured as an interdisciplinary research area at the intersection of solid state physics and chemistry. The available experimental probes and theoretical concepts allow today to study surfaces and interfaces in unpreceded detail under vacuum or controlled gas atmospheres, but are less suitable to investigate surfaces in liquid environments. This challenge has been addressed by many members of the Surface Science community by directing their attention to the solid/liquid interface and to biological and biomaterial interfaces. In my presentation, I will discuss some recent examples of a successful transfer of traditional Surface Science concepts to the solid/liquid interface, and of new research areas at the intersection of physics, chemistry, and biology with impact on life science and medical procedures. The need for better experimental and theoretical tools to describe solid/liquid and biological interfaces will be discussed.