New Mexico Chapter (and Section)

The New Mexico Section was formed in 1964. It covered New Mexico, Arizona and Texas. In 1967, the Los Alamos Chapter of the Section was formed with Claude Winkelman as Chair; he was followed by Maurice Laufer. With the new AVS organizational structure in 1971 the New Mexico Section became both the New Mexico RAG and the New Mexico Chapter, with the Los Alamos chapter re-absorbed. Within the RAG, the Arizona Chapter was formed in 1979 and the Texas Chapter in 1981.

The Chairs of the Section and Chapter were:

Information on the current activities of the Chapter is available on the Chapter web page on the AVS web site.  The AVS/New Mexico Chapter (AVS/NM) membership includes residents of New Mexico, Oklahoma and that part of Texas in the Mountain Time Zone. A great deal of the Chapter activity centers around the Albuquerque/Los Alamos area because of the major scientific efforts at Sandia National Laboratories, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Intel and the University of New Mexico.

The New Mexico Chapter was established in 1964. Although comprising only a small fraction of the national AVS membership, the AVS/NM is one of the most active of all of the local chapters. The AVS/NM is a non-profit organization with a history and continued commitment to making significant contributions to regional educational needs. The objectives of the AVS are to promote communication, stimulate research and education, provide scholarships and administer awards in fields of interest to the AVS. The AVS/NM achieves these objectives regionally by staging a variety of technical activities and a vigorous scholarship and educational outreach program.

Our local symposium draws between 300 and 500 scientists who participate in short courses, technical sessions and the vendor exhibit. The technical sessions include invited presentations by nationally recognized experts in vacuum science, surface chemistry and physics, as well as contributed presentations by Chapter members and others. Short courses are offered on a wide variety of topics. Displays of state of the art vacuum, surface analysis, plasma etching and thin film deposition equipment from approximately 65 vendors can be found at the equipment exhibit. A substantial portion of the Symposium proceeds is channeled into a scholarship program for deserving students interested in the physical sciences. Members of the Chapter also act as judges for the New Mexico and Oklahoma State Science and Engineering Fairs, the New Mexico Junior Academy of Science and Regional Science Fairs.

The New Mexico Chapter is governed by its Bylaws and Policy Manual. Officers Chapter officers are elected each spring by the general Chapter membership, for a term which runs from June 1 to May 31.

New Mexico Chapter History 

By Len Beavis

In 1964 the New Mexico Section was formed by N. Wilson and C. Winkelman from Los Alamos National Labs and J. McDowell, W. Bergston, J. Williams, D. Schreiner and D. Stewart from Sandia National Labs.  During the first meeting in the spring of 1964 a number of topics from vacuum technology were taught in 1-hour segments. I taught the PPA segment. Early in the 1960’s vacuum technology was taught at SNL during the noon hour and after work hours and I occasionally filled in for the instructor G. L. Krieger, who was my mentor, and by 1964 I was the full time vacuum instructor at SNL About 1966 I began teaching vacuum technology for the Section in both Albuquerque and Los Alamos.

Claude Winkelman was the chapter chair in 1969 but his work at LANL was being phased out and he was looking for employment so that he could not attend AVS BOD meetings as his predecessors as chairmen had.  I was the chair elect and replaced him as the NM representative to AVS Board meetings in 1969.

Paul Redhead was the first AVS president to visit the NM chapter; since 1965 all presidents have been invited to visit the chapter.

Bill Lange, who was President-Elect, attended the chapter symposium in 1969 in Los Alamos and sat in on the vacuum technology course and asked me to consider joining the AVS Education Committee.

By Warren Taylor

Professional activity in the New Mexico area developed because of the research interests of many scientists at Los Alamos Scientific Lab and Sandia National Labs.  These pursuits required the support of technicians whose only training at that time was on-the-job.  In was in 1964 that a so-called Local Area Group was formed, probably the first regional organization of the AVS.  The AVS itself had come into being only 11 years before.  This aspiring new group not only included New Mexico but Texas, Arizona, and Oklahoma as well.

     Even from the first it was decided to hold an annual symposium combined with a vendor exhibit and classes in basic vacuum technology -for which there was a great demand from the two Labs.  The Labs themselves did not officially sponsor any of these activities but made available the use of lab equipment and meeting rooms.  The first annual symposium in 1964 was held in a temporary barracks building at Los Alamos.  One of the most active seekers for new members was a technician named Scotty.  His efforts, though effective, were confusing at times since he sold vacuum cleaners in his off time and drove a minivan with the neon outline of a vacuum cleaner on top.  It might be noted that years later a traveling award given at the annual symposium was an archaic, portable vacuum cleaner, inscribed "Remember Your Roots". It is usually presented to a retired vacuum scientist or technician.  Our membership grew rapidly, along with the enlargement of the AVS.  But it was not affluent.  The chapter committee would gather to collimate and bind course books and symposium brochures - or put together mailings. Friendships from those food and fellowship meetings last to this day.

The demand for courses was so great that some were given in-house at LASL and Sandia and were not open to the public.  We also presented courses in Texas and Arizona since this was part of our area.  Courses have been held in the fall as well as during the springtime symposium.  Since almost all our instructors were "home grown" this strained our capabilities.  This was relieved when Texas (except for El Paso) and Arizona became separate chapters and we brought in some national level instructors. 

     One of the more interesting contacts in the '80s was made with the chairman of the Solid State Physics Department, The University of Mexico,  at an AVS symposium.  He invited our chapter to present a three day basic vacuum technology course in Mexico City to graduate students who luckily understood English.  Three of us, non Hispanics, accepted this opportunity.  We decide to bring a quantity of textbooks and vendor brochures with us as these did not enter Mexico easily through normal channels.  We were held up going into Mexico for reasons we did not understand.  Only afterward were we enlightened that a grateful gift  to the entry agent would have made it much easier.  The chairman of the Solid State Department picked us up at the hotel in the Zona Rosa of Mexico City in a Volkswagen Bug.  Imagine three good size Anglos, the chairman, and four boxes of books.  The chairman wore jeans - so that if he got stopped at a traffic light for a suspected infraction he could plead poverty and minimize the fine.  The course went well and we were treated royally by a couple of apparently affluent students - the theatre and a fine dinner..  In the subsequent years of the mid '80s we also presented several short courses there.

     It was obvious from the inception of this group that Los Alamos did not have facilities to house our annual symposium.  So it was decided to alternate between Albuquerque, location of Sandia Labs, and Santa Fe. The latter had Sweeney gym, which included some offices, that were adequate if unconventional.  Banquets held during the symposium have always been a source of awards, renewed friendships and occasional untoward events.  One year the chapter dinner was held at La Fonda, the very icon of old, historic Santa Fe.  The image was tarnished a bit in our eyes when the food was slow in coming.  An inquiry in the kitchen revealed the chef flat on his back after checking out too many wines.  We shrugged our shoulders!

     Clearly wine has played a role in our history.  A bottle of "rare" wine (the 1980 vintage of Tickle Pink from Boone's Farm) encased in a hand crafted box with reminiscences from knowledgeable enologists, has been presented successively to the most deserving person each year at the symposium.  It was awarded each year but had never been tasted.  Often the recipient was one who had commented adversely on the table wine.  In its travels the bottle has been awarded to various officers at the national level, and so achieved a cult status.  Alas, a recent local chair who was the last recipient, perhaps perversely, left the bottle with her divorced husband.  He was not an AVS member!

     We enjoyed inviting the AVS Board of Directors to meetings during our symposia.  In Santa Fe the wives organized tours of "The City Different"  and we were proud to display our culture in ways such as a gift of Indian pottery to Dorothy Hoffman, then AVS president.  There was also the time we drove the AVS Board 70 miles in the dusk through mountain shadows and pinion groves for a banquet at The Legal Tender, a converted railway station, in Lamy.  We think big in New Mexico.

     Evening meetings in the middle of summer or winter have been social events, bringing together members and spouses at interesting new locations whose appeal overrode the significant travel.  Some of these were shadowed romantic mansions nestled in the foothills such as Rancho de Chimayo in northern New Mexico or Rancho Encantada near of Santa Fe.

Other dinners were held in contemporary locations such as the Cretaceous Hall of the Natural History Museum or the unique National Atomic Museum. Other evening meetings were technical in nature with speakers invited in from locations such as NASA.

     Except for sending student paper winners to the national AVS symposium and providing some support for an Albuquerque Hands-On science museum, the income from courses and vendor exhibits have been targeted toward educational goals.  For years beyond count the chapter has provided judges and cash awards for the six Regional Science Fairs in New Mexico and one in Oklahoma (last of the lost empire).  In contrast to most other professional societies we provide equivalent cash awards to both the participant and his/her sponsor.  These can be used as they choose.  Starting in 1990 we have designed and distributed NM/AVS pins  (different each year) to some 2500 contestants.  These are often taken by the students advancing to the International Science for trading purposes. We received a story that one of our pins was traded for 20 others!  The culmination of the regional Science Fairs is the State Science Fair which we judge in a like manner.  On the evening before the State Science Fair the New Mexico Academy of Science gathers students who have previously competed in the regions to present a 10 minute scientific paper dealing with their project.  For many years we have been the only organization besides the NM Academy of Science itself to judge and award these presenters and their sponsors; truly an overlooked area of excellence

     One of the most rewarding efforts has been the reaching out to the school community.  In a pattern similar to the national program high school teachers from all over the state have been invited in to a workshop where there was illustrated the many vacuum experiments that can be conducted in a classroom.  Each teacher received a set of the Magdeburg hemispheres, a falling feather column, and a small bell jar.  If they brought a mechanical pump, maintenance was performed on it during the meeting.

     In a corollary to the workshops, demonstrations have been presented for elementary school classes.  These shows included both the vacuum experiments just mentioned but also spectacular illustrations of the use of liquid nitrogen.  Hopefully this created an interest in science at a young age.

     Members of the New Mexico Chapter have been involved with the national AVS in many ways.  Two of our members have been national chairmen; others have chaired national symposia, been on the Board of Directors and Trustees, have chaired or been members of various committees  and divisions.  On a more casual note Len Beavis, one of our better known members, has enticed more than once a group of the national officers into backpacking trips in the high mountains of Colorado.

Members of our chapter who have moved away have been instrumental in starting other chapters in Florida and Arizona.  Bill Rogers, now in Washington State, assembled his famous Bar-B-Que trailer for our picnics.  We have emulated the national symposium by having 5K runs to start proceedings.  Paul Holloway, one of our chairmen but long gone to Florida, became famous for his strawberry shortcake after supper meetings - as well as for his turkey farm.

     Symposia at the present time are likely to be held in Albuquerque where there is the greatest concentration of groups with vacuum dependent projects.  They may include a mix of papers from Sandia Labs, Los Alamos National Lab, University of New Mexico, Intel, Motorola, Phillips Lab. As well as student papers from the universities.  The program consists of two days of technical papers, a one day vendor show, and five days of basic and specialized courses.  We organize and promote the latter without having to rely on the national office.  The chapter joins the modern world for its printing, mailing, and computing requirements.  We eagerly look forward to our 40th anniversary next year.

Past Events

1964

• Two meetings in the fall, at Los Alamos & Albuquerque;  Paul Bryant was the speaker.

1965

• May: 1^st Annual Symposium was attended by100 people.

1966

• 20-22 April: 2^nd Annual Symposium was attended by 200 people and 125 were at the banquet where the talk was given by J.N. Kotanchik, Apollo Manager.

• December: Final meeting of the year at  Los Alamos

1967

• 27 January: a meeting in Albuquerque expanded the by-laws to allow chapters of the Section in Los Alamos & Albuquerque.

• 19 April: 3^rd Annual Symposium; 19 papers given and the charter for the Los Alamos Chapter was approved. A scholarship of $100 was approved for the best student paper in a competition at the Univ. of New Mexico and there was discussion as to whether it should become an annual award.

1968

• March 13-15: 4^th Annual Symposium was held in Albuquerque with J D Williams as Chair. Invited papers were presented by P.A. Redhead, President of the AVS;  H.D. Hagstrom, Bell Telephone Laboratories; A.J.  Melmed, National Bureau of Standards; G.K. Wehner, Litton Systems; D.N. Eggenberger, Argonne National Laboratory; N.M. Bashara, University of Nebraska; W.P. Ellis, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory; and R.L. Schwoebel, Sandia Corporation. In addition to these excellent invited papers, ten contributed papers were presented. A total of 103 scientists were registered at the meeting, two of whom came from France. In addition to the technical sessions there was a "Surface Science Workshop", a simultaneous equipment exhibit by some twenty manufacturers, and an outstanding banquet. It was estimated that 200 persons browsed through the equipment exhibit. A large turnout at the annual banquet heard a fascinating talk by Dr. E.R. Harrington of Albuquerque Academy about ghost towns. The winner of the annual paper competition sponsored by the Section and the AVS at New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico, was also announced at the luncheon. He is Andrew T. Chow, a graduate student in the Metallurgy Department. He received $100 and a student membership in the AVS for his paper which was entitled "Vacuum Metallurgy".

• April 17: Los Alamos Chapter meeting with Dr. Paul Gilles, Kansas University gave a paper entitled "High Temperature Mass Spectrometric Investigations of Oxides"

• December 10: Technical Meeting Mr. L.C. Beavis of the Sandia Corporation presented a survey talk on "Pressure Measuring Techniques." A lively discussion followed the talk held in the First National Bank.

1969

• April 28-31: 5^th Annual Symposium  "Surface Science, Evaporation, and Effusion"  was held at Los Alamos for  the first time. A special one-day session emphasized effusion and evaporation phenomena while the other sessions addressed a broader spectrum of problems in surface science. Invited speakers included W.M. Brubaker, H.C. Gatos, P.W. Gilles, R. Gomer, E.W. Mueller, J.D. Porteus, T.N. Rhodin, G.M. Rosenblatt, H.M. Saltzburg, L.D. Schmidt, P.B. Sewell, H.P. Smith, P.G. Wahlbeck, and W.L. Winterbottom; a total of 42 papers were given. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Director, Dr. N. E. Bradbury, gave the welcoming address to symposium attendees from throughout the United Statesc Dr. L. D. P. King, long time Los Alamos researcher, presented a talk on "The Old Days at LASL " at the Section's Annual Banquet. Included in the symposium was a tour of the LAMPF (Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility) Accelerator Site; there was a Section operated and staffed short course on vacuum technology. Equipment was displayed by representatives of major manufacturers. A special committee on mass spectrometry, with E.D. Loughran as chair, was formed.

• September 16: “Vacuum Systems Ultimate Pressure Limitations”

• October: “Mass Spectrometry”

1970

• April 22-24: 6^th Annual Symposium, co-sponsored by Sandia Labs, entitled "Symposium on Surface Science", was held at the Sheraton-Western Skies Motor Hotel, Albuquerque. There were  a number of critical discussions including Surface Diffusion, Interfacial Adhesion, Electronic Interactions with Surfaces, Surface Condition, and New Techniques of Surface Research. In conjunction with the meeting, there was an equipment and apparatus display, and a tour of some of the laboratories at Sandia Corporation concerned with vacuum, thin film and surface studies. L.C. Beavis  was Program Chairman, American Vacuum Society, New Mexico Section, Box 11451, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87112.

1971

• March 25; Dr. R.F. Bunshah, Professor of Metallurgy at UCLA and President of the American Vacuum Society, spoke on "Scope and Potential of High Vacuum, High Rate Deposition Processes."

• April 8: Richard Woods, Ass't Group Leader of the Tandem Van de Graff Group, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory spoke on "Computer Control of Van de Graff Accelerator Vacuum Systems."

• April 21-23: 7^th Annual Symposium, co-sponsored by Sandia Labs, had “Vacuum Science” & “New Equipment Survey” sessions; the speakers were listed in the January, 1971 issue of the AVS Newsletter. The banquet was held at the Barn Dinner Theatre.

• May 20-21: Spring Symposium
  24^th September:  Talk by Jack Singleton  on “The Mechanics of Hydrogen Pumping in Sputter-Ion Pump and at Getter Surfaces”.

1972

• March 23-24: 8^th Annual Symposium at the Hilton Inn, Albuquerque was held after the Physical Electronics Conference with the equipment exhibit overlapping both meetings on the same site. Seven invited papers were presented on “the Theory & Application of Quadruple Mass Filters”. The registration fee was $20. for members and $25. for non-members but attendance was by Pre-registration only. A short course on vacuum technology was held  on 21-23 March; the fee was $30. A special scholarship of $1000 was funded for students in NM, AZ, Texas, but the selection was made by the AVS Committee.

1973

• April 9-11: 9^th Annual Symposium “Characterization of Thin Films” was co-sponsored by Sandia Labs. It was held at the Albuquerque Hilton; registration fee was $20 for members, $25 for non-members. Fred Wehner gave a talk on “Sputtering”and Don Mattox arranged for the first video taping of talks at the chapter symposium; this was probably the very first time that scientific sessions had been video-taped. There were about 20 vendor exhibits and a “Vacuum Technology” course organized by Warren Taylor, for which registration was $30.

1974

• April 30-May 2: 10^th Annual Symposium at Hilton Inn, Santa Fe “Vacuum & Surface Science in Emerging Technologies”. Specialized 1-day advanced courses were given for the first time.

1975

• May 6-8: 11^th Annual Symposium, at the Four Seasons Motor Inn, Albuquerque

1976

• March 15-17: 12^th Annual Symposium, at the Four Seasons Motor Inn, Albuquerque. There was a large equipment show with 29 vendors. A 3-day course on “Basic Vacuum Technology” (by Jim Ruhe & Bill Olson) had 57 students and others were turned away, so the course was to be repeated later. There were also three 1-day courses on “Surface Analysis” (by Jack Houston-& Gerry Nelson), “Thin film techniques” (by George Kominiak), and “Leak detection” (by Len Scott); there were 20, 16 and 22 students respectively for these three courses. This was the third year of specialized 1- day advanced courses had been given.

1977

• April 19-21: 13^th Annual Symposium at Four Seasons Motor Inn, Albuquerque. There was a large equipment show and courses were given on “Basic Vacuum Technology”, “Basic leak detection”, “Partial pressure analysis”, “Applications of RGAs to vacuum process control” and “Vacuum system design”.

1978

• April 10-13: 14^th Annual Symposium at Four Seasons Motor Inn, Albuquerque. There was a large equipment show and courses were given on “Basic Vacuum Technology” ( by James R. Ruhe), “Vacuum leak detection practices” (by Leonard Scott), “Vacuum apparatus design practices” (by Harold Staake), “Cryogenetic machines and vacuum pumping” (by John Peterson),  and “Thin film deposition techniques and applications” (by J. Kominiak); the fee for the courses was $50 except for the first course, which was $115.  A special evening session was held to allow exhibitors to give presentations on equipment developments.

1979

• April 24-26: 15^th Annual Symposium at Four Seasons Motor Inn, Albuquerque.  The equipment show had 40 exhibitors and there was an evening session for new equipment presentations,  The course program comprised:
  “Basic Vacuum Technology”-3 days (James Ruhe, W.M. Boedeker, K W R Johnson, F. Williams),  $115 fee
  “Vacuum leak detection practices”-1day (Bill Brunner)
  “Partial Pressure Fundamentals”-1 day (Len Beavis),
  “Residual Gas Analysis Applications and process control”-1 day  (Myers), “Cryogenic Machines and Vacuum pumps”-1 day (J Peterson & R L Chuan) “Survey of Vacuum Deposition Techniques”-1 day (R.W. Springer),
  “Survey of Surface Analysis Techniques”-1 day ( Al Czanderna),
  “Vacuum System Design Concepts”-1 day (C.R. Winkelman).
  The fee for the 1-day courses was $50

1980

• April 24-26: 15^th Annual Symposium

1981

• April 24-26: 15^th Annual Symposium

1982

• April 24-26: 15^th Annual Symposium

1983

• April 24-26: 15^th Annual Symposium

1984

• April 24-26: 15^th Annual Symposium

1985

• April 24-26: 15^th Annual Symposium

1986

• April 28-May 1: 22nd Annual Symposium at the Hilton, Albuquerque

1987

• May 4-7: 23rd Annual Symposium. Santa Fe

1988

• April 18-21: 24^th Annual Symposium at the Holiday Inn, Journal Center, Albuquerque. The list of invited speakers and the courses are listed in the March issue of the AVS Newsletter.

• October 17-20: five courses (listed in the September issue of the Newsletter) were offered at the Amberley Suite Hotel, Albuquerque.

1989

• May 8-11: 25^th Annual Symposium at the Holiday Inn, Journal Center had 110 attendees with another 175 taking courses; there was one 4-day and eight other courses which are listed in the Mar/Apr 1989 issue of the AVS Newsletter. There were 60 vendors in the exhibit. The award for the best student paper went to Debby Parker, Univ. of Colorado; the award was travel  to the National Symposium. Two $1500 scholarships were awarded to Andreas Stintz, UNM, and Randhir Thakur, Univ. of Oklahoma. At the 25^th anniversary banquet, Paul Holloway received the first “Leonard T Scott Remember Your Roots” Award; Paul received a plaque but the chapter retains the original plaque.  Len Scott was a vacuum technician at Los Alamos and moonlighted as a vacuum cleaner salesman!, He was a very active member of the chapter. Warren Taylor gave a talk on “Everything about the New Mexico Chapter, whether you want to know or not”.
   

• September 19-22: Course program at the Ramada ,Albuquerque:
  “Basic Vacuum Technology”, “Operation and maintenance”, symposium banquet-first presentation (to Holloway) of Leonard T Scott “Remember Your Roots” award, plaque to Paul and chapter keeps permanent plaque . Scott was vacuum technician at Los Alamos and moonlighted as vacuum cleaner salesman!, very active in chapter. Warren Taylor talk on “Everything about the NM chapter, whether you want to know or not”. The first “fun run” was held.

1990

• April 25-27: 26^th Annual Symposium at the Holiday Inn, Journal Center was held in conjunction with the 12^th Symposium on Applied Surface Analysis. The courses given were listed in the Sep/Oct issue of the AVS Newsletter. Three $1500 scholarships were presented to Randhir Thakur, Univ. of Oklahoma, Srinivisan Sunderajan, UNM, and Andreas Stintz, UNM, A research scholarship of $1500 was also presented to an undergraduate, Joseph Clymire, Eastern NMU. The best student paper award, travel to the national Symposium) went to David Logan, UNM. The second annual “Leonard T Scott Award” was presented to James Ruhe, who had been a course instructor for many years. The second “fun run” was held.

1991

• April 22-26: 27^th Annual Symposium at the Holiday Inn, Journal Center had 42 papers, of which 11 were invited, and 80 attendees; there were 10 graduate student posters and Ajay Jain won the best paper award, a travel to the National Symposium. The Keynote address was “Science Literacy and Education” and the  “Leonard T Scott Award” was presented to W R Johnson. The exhibit had 59 vendors and 275 walk-ins, The course program, which included a 5-day “Basic Vacuum technology” course, had 181 students. A Science Educators’ Workshop was attended by 17 teachers and the Chapter reimbursed the schools for their replacements.

1992

• May 11-15: 28^th Annual Symposium at the Holiday Inn, Journal Center had  41 papers, of which 11 were invited, and 80 attendees; there were 10 graduate student posters and Victoria McVeigh won the best paper award, a travel to the National Symposium. Bob Park gave a talk on “What does Washington have against scientists?” the  “Leonard T Scott Award” was presented to R Norman Peacock. The course program, which consisted of the 5-day “Basic Vacuum technology” course and eleven other courses, had 120 students. A Science Educators’ Workshop was attended by 10 teachers and equipment kits were provided to 9 schools.

1993

• April 27-30: 29^th Annual Symposium at the Sweeney Convention Center, Santa Fe

• October 25-29: Course program at the Hilton, Albuquerque.

1994

• April 18-22: 30^th Annual Symposium at the Holiday Inn, Journal Center. The course program included the 5-day “Basic Vacuum technology” course.

• November 14-18: Course program at the Radisson, Albuquerque

1995

• April 10-14: 31st Annual Symposium at the Holiday Inn, Journal Center. The exhibit had  about 65 vendors. The course program included the 5-day “Basic Vacuum technology” course. The Chapter was profiled in the Mar/Apr 1995 issue of the AVS Newsletter. It had 200 members, and provided four $1500 W M Olson Scholarships to high school seniors going to college, as well as scholarships for college students to attend courses, the best student paper award which provided travel to the National Symposium, supported regional science fairs, provided the Science Teachers Workshop and sent one teacher to the Workshop at the National Symposium, organized experiment demonstrations at schools,  and was  working with the local science museum, Explora, to add vacuum exhibits. It spent $38,000 on these awards and outreach programs.

1996

• April 1-5: 32^nd Annual Symposium at the Holiday Inn, Journal Center.

1997

• May 20-22: 33rd Annual Symposium at the Holiday Inn, Journal Center was held in conjunction with Surface Analysis ’97. The course program included  5 courses, 2 of which were new; ”Measurements in Vacuum” and “Advanced techniques in Vacuum Technology”.

1998

• 34^th Annual Symposium at the

1999

• March 29- April 2: 35^th Annual Symposium at the Holiday Inn, Journal Center

2000

• May 22-26: 36^th Annual Symposium at the Wyndham Hotel, Albuquerque. 

2001

• May 21-25: 37^th Annual Symposium at the

2002

• 38^th Annual Symposium at the

2003

• 39^th Annual Symposium at the

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