| AVS 64th International Symposium & Exhibition | |
| Tribology Focus Topic | Thursday Sessions |
| Session TR+AC+TF+VT-ThM |
| Session: | Lubricant, Coatings, and Biotribology |
| Presenter: | Filippo Mangolini, University of Leeds, UK |
| Authors: | F. Mangolini, University of Leeds, UK M. Koshigan, Ecole Polytechnique Montréal, Canada M.H. Van Benthem, Sandia National Laboratories J.A. Ohlhausen, Sandia National Laboratories J.B. McClimon, University of Pennsylvania J. Hilbert, University of Pennsylvania J. Fontaine, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France R.W. Carpick, University of Pennsylvania |
| Correspondent: | Click to Email |
Among the variants of diamond-like carbon films developed for the ever-increasing performance and durability requirements of tribo-mechanical applications, silicon oxide-containing hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H:Si:O) is of interest as it exhibits good tribological performance across a broader range of environments compared to hydrogenated amorphous carbon, and higher thermo-oxidative stability. However, the scientific basis for this improved behavior is not established. In this work, we develop a fundamental understanding of the structural transformations occurring in a-C:H:Si:O when sliding against steel in different environments (from high vacuum to controlled hydrogen and oxygen pressures). The results of tribological experiments revealed that upon increasing the oxygen pressure in the experimental chamber from 10 mbar to 1000 mbar, the coefficient of friction increased from 0.02±0.01 to 0.06±0.01, whereas upon increasing the hydrogen pressure from 50 mbar to 2000 mbar, the coefficient of friction decreased from 0.08±0.01 to 0.02±0.01.The subsequent near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopic measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses provided insights into the structural transformations and chemical reactions occurring in a-C:H:Si:O upon sliding. Independently of the gas, a stress-induced conversion from sp3- to sp2-bonded (disordered) C-C bonds occurs. When sliding in hydrogen, the newly-generated, strained sp2 carbon layer reacts with hydrogen molecules to form a hydrogenated amorphous carbon interfacial material. Upon increasing the hydrogen pressure, the fraction of C-H bonds increases in the near-surface region of the wear tracks formed on a-C:H:Si:O. This is proposed to progressively lower the shear strength of the material at the sliding interface, thus resulting in a decrease of friction with hydrogen pressure. When sliding in oxygen, the dissociative reaction of oxygen molecules with strained sp2 C-C bonds leads to the formation of C=O groups. Additionally, increasing the oxygen pressure during tribological testing leads to an increase in oxygen concentration in the near-surface region of a-C:H:Si:O together with an increase in the fraction of Si atoms in high oxidation states. These surface chemical changes and structural transformations are proposed to increase friction with oxygen pressure by progressively increasing the shear strength of the material generated at the sliding interface.