| AVS 62nd International Symposium & Exhibition | |
| Energy Frontiers Focus Topic | Tuesday Sessions |
| Session EN-TuP |
| Session: | Energy Frontiers Poster Session |
| Presenter: | Xinyi Chen, University of Maryland, College Park |
| Authors: | C. Liu, University of Maryland, College Park E. Gillette, University of Maryland, College Park X. Chen, University of Maryland, College Park A.J. Pearse, University of Maryland, College Park A.C. Kozen, University of Maryland, College Park M. Schroeder, University of Maryland, College Park K. Gregorczyk, University of Maryland, College Park S.B. Lee, University of Maryland, College Park G.W. Rubloff, University of Maryland, College Park |
| Correspondent: | Click to Email |
A self-aligned nanostructured battery entirely confined within a single nanopore offers a powerful platform to investigate the rate performance and cyclability limits of nanostructured storage devices. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has enabled such a structure that embeds coaxial nanotubular electrodes and electrolyte confined inside a single anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanopore, realizing an ultrasmall full cell battery with ~1μm3 volume (~1fL). These nanopore batteries display exceptional power-energy performance and cyclability when tested as massively parallel devices (~2billion/cm2). The extraordinary thickness and conformality control of ALD and the highly self-aligned nanoporous structure of AAO are crucial to fabrication of precise, self-aligned, regular nanopore batteries. Using controlled-conformality ALD processes, we optimized metal nanotube current collector (Ru or Pt) length at two ends of AAO nanopores to provide fast electron transport to overlying anode and cathode materials, while keeping them spatially and electrically isolated. Crystalline V2O5 was deposited as lithium ion storage material inside the metal nanotubes using O3 as the oxidant. . Subsequently, the V2O5 was electrochemically prelithiated at one end to serve as anode while pristine V2O5 without Li at the other end served as cathode, enabling the battery to be cycled between 0.2V and 1.8V. Capacity retention of this full cell is 95% at 5C rate and 46% at 150C, with more than 1000 charge/discharge cycles. Further increase of full cell output potential is also demonstrated for SnO2 and TiO2 anodes in asymmetric full cells with V2O5 cathodes. These results reveal the potential of ultrasmall, self-aligned/regular, densely packed nanobattery structures as a building block for high performance energy storage systems and as a test bed to study ionics and electrodics at nanoscale with a variety of geometrical modifications.
[1] Liu, C.; Gillette, E. I.; Chen, X.; Pearse, A. J.; Kozen, A. C.; Schroeder, M. A.; Gregorczyk, K. E.; Lee, S. B.; Rubloff, G. W., An all-in-one nanopore battery array. Nature Nanotechnology 2014, 9 (12), 1031-1039.