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Dr.
Miquel Salmeron,
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, “for
seminal contributions to the development of
surface characterization techniques usable in a
variety of environments and their application to
catalysis, tribology and related surface
phenomena.” Miquel Salmeron is a Senior
Scientist at the Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory (LBNL), and Scientific Director of
the Imaging Facility of the Molecular Foundry,
the Nanoscience Research Center in Berkeley. He
is also Adjunct Professor in the Materials
Science and Engineering Department of the
University of California at Berkeley. His work
spans several areas of surface science,
including structure, reactivity, wetting and
friction phenomena, with emphasis in the
molecular level. He studied Physics at the
University of Barcelona in Spain, and obtained a
Ph.D. at the Universidad Autonoma of Madrid in
1975. Following postdoctoral work at the LBNL he
held a joint appointment as a professor of
physics at the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid
and at the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Cientificas. During this period he studied
growth of metals on metals using electron
spectroscopy and He atom scattering. In 1984 Dr.
Salmeron moved to the LBNL, where he developed a
research program on surface phenomena based on
the application of the recently invented
Scanning Tunneling and Atomic Force Microscopes
(STM, AFM), which he applied to study diffusion
of atoms and molecules, including S, CO, and
water on Pt, Re, Ni, Ru and Pd. He discovered
the enormous enhancement of diffusivity of water
when it formed dimers. He unveiled the nature of
active sites in many surface reactions,
including water formation from O and H, H2
dissociation, and others. He has made major
contributions to the understanding of atomic
level phenomena important in tribology, the
science of friction, adhesion, and wear, showing
how energy losses in friction are connected with
elementary excitation processes, including
phonons, molecular deformations (gauche defects,
tilts), and creation of surface point defects.
Dr. Salmeron consistently applies theoretical
methods, developed with colleague theorists in
his group and with collaborators in institutions
worldwide, to help interpret STM images. His
work emphasizes the importance of interpreting
images with the help of calculations. Dr.
Salmeron pioneered the development of novel
instrumentation that opened the way for studies
of surfaces under environmental conditions of
pressure and temperature, in humid environments
and in chemical reactors. These include high
pressure STM and Ambient Pressure Photoelectron
Spectroscopy (APPES). He used these to determine
the structure of surfaces under reaction
conditions, the melting of ice near the triple
point and the preferential segregation of anions
at the surface of aqueous solutions. Dr.
Salmeron has pioneered the application of
nanoscale imaging methods to study wetting
phenomena of liquids, including water,
perfluorinated lubricants, liquid crystals and
others. In the case of alkali halides he showed
how water adsorbs and solvates first the ions at
the step edges and later in the rest of the
surface. Dr. Salmeron has published over 350
articles and imparted numerous talks in
Academia, Industry and International Meetings.
His papers have received more than 10,500
citations. He was elected Fellow of the American
Physical Society in 1996 and of AVS in 2003. He
serves in the Editorial Board of Surface Science
and Tribology Letters.
Dr.
Seizo Morita, Osaka University, “for the development of
room-temperature, non-contact atomic force
microscopy technologies and applications.” Seizo
Morita is Professor, Department of Electrical,
Electronic and Information Engineering, and
Director, Low Temperature Center, at Osaka
University, Japan. He completed his B.S. in 1970
and his Ph.D. research in 1975, in Physics at
Osaka University, where he performed graduate
work on LOphonon assisted cyclotron resonance.
He was a Research Associate (1975-1987) and an
Associate Professor (1987-1988) at Tohoku
University, studying submillimeter-wave response
in the Josephson junctions and the Anderson
localization below 100 mK. From the mid-1980s,
he started to develop the scanning tunneling
microscopy and soon changed to atomic force
microscopy (AFM). He was a Professor at Iwate
University (1988-1989) and then moved to
Hiroshima University (1989-1996), where he
investigated the phase transition of microscopic
negative charges on thin insulators and the
twodimensional nature of atomic-scale friction
using modified ultra high vacuum (UHV) AFMs in
air. From 1992 he started to develop AFMs to
achieve true atomic resolution. Then he went to
work on non-contact (NC) AFM using the frequency
modulation detection method. He was the first
person to observe atomic-scale defects and their
motion on InP(110) by NC-AFM (1995). Since 1996
he has been a professor at Osaka University,
where he organized the first international
conference on NC-AFM (1998). The main part of
his work done with collaborators in Osaka
University is atom manipulation and chemical
identification on semiconductor surfaces using
UHV-AFMs at room temperature (RT) and at low
temperature (LT); He established the basic
technologies and made clear the mechanisms of
single atom identification, followed by
interchange manipulation of selected
heterogeneous atom species, and assembly of
designed complex nanostructures consisting of
multi atom species at RT. With the use of a LT
UHV-AFM, reproducible vertical atom manipulation
(extraction and deposition) (2003) and
site-by-site lateral atom manipulation of
semiconductor atoms (2005) have been carried out
successfully. With use of a RT UHV-AFM, the
well-controlled vacancy-mediated lateral
manipulation of Si adatoms on Si(111)-(7x7) has
been achieved and its mechanism has been made
clear as tip-enhanced thermally activated
hopping (2007). A novel phenomenon has been
discovered of atom interchange lateral
manipulation at RT that can interchange embedded
and intermixed heterogeneous atoms with each
other. Consequently, substituted Sn atoms with
adjacent Ge atoms have been interchanged oneby-
one, and finally embedded atom letters composed
of 19 Sn atoms have been used to spell out “Sn”
(the symbol for tin) at RT on the Ge(111)-c(2x8)
substrate (2005). The details of force
spectroscopy between the tip-apex atom and a
surface atom have been also studied. Hence,
identification of atoms at RT has been
successfully carried out on semiconductor
surfaces based on site-specific force
spectroscopy (2007). He has published more than
200 papers, nine books and 16 book chapters. His
work has been previously recognized by the 8th
Surface Science Society Award (The Surface
Science Society of Japan) (2003) and the 52nd
Japanese Society of Microscopy Award (Setou
Award) (2007). He established the committee for
Utilization of Scanning Probe Microscopy in
Japan Technology Transfer Association (JTTAS)
(1992) and the 167th committee on Nano-Probe
Technology in the Japan Society 
Dr.
Daniel Auerbach,
GRT, Inc., “for contributions to the
understanding of the dynamics of gas-surface
interactions using molecular beam scattering
techniques.” Daniel Auerbach is currently Chief
Technology Officer of GRT Inc., a small Santa
Barbara based company working on technology for
the conversion of natural gas into liquid fuels
and high value chemicals. GRT is particularly
interested in developing technology to deal with
“stranded gas”, i.e. gas that is too remote from
natural gas markets or is present in fields that
are too small for conventional technologies to
be economically viable. Before joining GRT,
Auerbach worked for many years in the
microelectronics and computer industry,
initially for IBM and later for Hitachi Global
Storage Technologies. At IBM Auerbach served for
10 years as Department Group Manager of the
Science and Technology Department the IBM
Almaden Research Center. This department made
many important contributions to science and to
IBM technology, including the first fabrication
of structures by manipulation of individual
atoms, broad ranging contributions to surface
science and particularly chemical dynamics at
surfaces, the development of the loosely coupled
parallel computer paradigm and the first
application to molecular dynamics simulations,
record holding high temperature superconductors,
development of the first giant magneto
resistance (GMR) sensor for HDD applications,
and development of resists and other key
materials for microelectronics applications.
When IBM sold its hard disk drive (HDD) business
to Hitachi, Auerbach joined the new venture.
There, his primary responsibilities included
research in hard disk drive architecture, signal
processing and data integrity, and application
of the HDDs in new areas such as consumer
electronics. Auerbach holds a Ph.D. degree in
Physics from the University of Chicago. Before
joining IBM in 1978, he served on the faculty of
Johns Hopkins University. He is known world wide
for his scientific research in the area of
surface science and chemical dynamics. Auerbach
is perhaps best known as a pioneer in the
application of molecular-beam and
laser-spectroscopic techniques to understanding
of the microscopic details of chemical dynamics
at surfaces. His research interests also include
information storage systems, the design of
parallel 
Dr.
Sergei Kalinin,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, “for pioneering
work in the area of nanoelectromechanics and
local properties at surfaces.” Sergei V. Kalinin
is currently a research staff member at the Oak
Ridge National Laboratory and co-theme leader
for Scanning Probe Microscopy at the Center for
Nanophase Materials Sciences at ORNL (since
2007), following a Eugene P. Wigner fellow
appointment at ORNL (2002-2004). He is also
Adjunct Associate Professor at the Department of
Materials Sciences and Engineering at the
University of Tennessee, Knoxville. He completed
his Ph.D. in Materials Science at the University
of Pennsylvania in 2002. His previous
undergraduate and graduate work was completed in
Materials Science at Moscow State University,
Moscow, Russia (M.S. summa cum laude in 1998).
Sergei started his scientific career in high
school working on rheological properties and the
dissipation of surface layers in aqueous
solution of biologically active macromolecules.
As a MS student in Moscow (1992-1996), he was
actively involved in research on magnetic and
semiconductor nanoparticle synthesis using the
inorganic sol-gel method. A significant part of
his research was focused on modeling and
spectroscopic studies of fractal particle
evolution in solutions. His interest in Scanning
Probe Microscopy started when he was a graduate
student at University of Pennsylvania working on
electromechanical and Kelvin probe imaging of
ferroelectric materials and transport phenomena
in polycrystalline oxides and carbon nanotubes.
The focus of his current research is the
interplay between electromechanical, transport,
and mechanical phenomena in inorganic and
biological systems on the nano- and ultimately
atomic scales. While the fact that “small is
different” is well known for optical, magnetic,
and electronic phenomena, electromechanics and
coupling between electromechanics and other
functional properties on the nanoscale provides
a new, and almost unexplored, area of research.
The examples range from new forms of
electromechanical coupling emerging on the
nanoscale, such as surface flexo and
piezoelectricity or unusual polarization
orderings in low dimensional ferroelectrics, to
complex phase separated materials. This is
mirrored by biological systems, in which
chemical and biochemical transformation pathways
on the molecular, subcellular, and cellular
levels proceed through an endlessly fascinating
series of electrochemical and protonation-
deprotonation reactions associated with changes
of molecular structure, supramolecular
organization in enzyme complexes or ion
channels, or cell configuration. Sergei’s recent
research illustrates the use of localized
electromechanical and thermomechanical responses
to map the thermodynamics of phase transition
and relaxation time distributions on a single
defect level in ferroelectric materials and
polymers. Ultimately, understanding
electromechanical coupling at the nanoscale will
pave the way not only to “think”, but to also
“act” at the nanoscale. During his academic
career, Sergei has been the recipient of the
Ross Coffin Purdy Award of American Ceramics
Society for the development of Scanning
Impedance Microscopy, an SPM technique for the
characterization of ac transport on the
nanoscale. He is also a recipient of the Wigner
Fellowship of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, an
ORNL Director Team Award (2006), and an ORNL
Early Career Accomplishment Award for Science
and Technology (2005). He is the author of more
than 120 scientific papers (>1000 citations
overall), 7 book chapters, 8 patents and patent
disclosures on different aspects of SPM and
ferroelectric materials applications. In
2007-2008, several of his developments were
adopted and licensed by SPM industry. He has
also given over 50 invited talks at
international conferences and meetings, and
several workshops and tutorials on Piezoresponse
Force Microscopy. Within the AVS, he has served
as an NSTD member at large (2004- 2006) and he
is currently a member of the AVS Publication
Committee. 
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